THE TEXTBOOK "GENERAL BIOLOGY" FOR 12TH GRADES OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

Thanks to the tireless efforts of our respected President, the Arkadagly Hero Serdar, large-scale work in the interests of the people is being carried out in our country to develop and improve the system of science and education. This includes, in particular, the improvement of curricula, as well as the preparation and publication of textbooks and teaching aids.

Recently, the textbook "General Biology" for the 12th grades of secondary schools was published (authors: S.Durdyyev, B.Ymamgulyyev, A.Akmyradov – A.: Turkmen State Publishing Service, 2025). This textbook includes relevant tasks designed for the assimilation of theoretical knowledge. These tasks allow students not only to comprehend and evaluate the acquired knowledge but also to review previously studied material, which contributes to a deep understanding of the subject.

The textbook consists of two sections and five chapters containing summarized information on biology. The first section, "Development of the Organic World. Origin of Man", includes the chapters "Origin of Life on Earth", "Development of Life on Earth" and "Origin of Man". The second section, "Fundamentals of Ecology", presents the chapters "Ecological Systems (Ecosystems)" and "Biosphere and Man", as well as a corresponding glossary of terms. Furthermore, the textbook includes the most important and valuable information on the fundamental theories, laws, and patterns of biology, making it a comprehensive source of knowledge.

In the preparation of the textbook, scientific data on the achievements in various fields of biological science in our independent, permanently neutral state of Turkmenistan were appropriately used. Thus, this textbook not only reflects modern achievements but also helps to foster in students a patriotic attitude towards national science.

The Department of Textbook Preparation and Publishing,

Ministry of Education of Turkmenistan.